Statistical convergence within octonion metric structures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56405/dngcrj.2025.10.01.04Keywords:
Statistical convergence, octonion metric space, Cauchy sequence, non-associate algebraAbstract
This paper investigates statistical convergence and completeness within the framework of octonion-valued metric spaces (OVMSs). By equipping the algebra of octonions with a suitable partial order, we extend classical notions of convergence, Cauchy sequences, and statistical density to the non-associative setting of octonions. Several fundamental properties are established, highlighting the interaction between statistical convergence and completeness in OVMSs. Our findings show that statistical convergence implies statistical Cauchy behaviour in these spaces, and conditions under which statistical completeness is achieved are clarified. The study not only generalizes conventional metric spaces but also reveals the structural impact of octonions' non-associativity on convergence theory. Potential implications for both pure mathematics and applied areas such as physics, control theory, and artificial intelligence are discussed.
Downloads
References
Abazari, R. (2022). Statistical convergence in g-metric spaces. Filomat, 36, 1461-1468.
Albert, A.A. (1934). On a certain algebra of quantum mechanics. Annals of Mathematics, 35, 65-73.
Aral, N.D., Kandemir, H.S., & Et M. (2024). Deferred d-Statistical Boundedness of Order α in Metric Spaces. Dera Natung Government College Research Journal, 9 (1), 1-12.
Azam, A., Fisher, B., & Khan, M. (2011). Common fixed point theorems in complex valued metric spaces. Numerical Functional Analysis Optimization, 32, 243-253.
Baez, J.C. (2001). The Octonions. Bulletin of American Mathematical Society, 39, 145-205.
Belen, C., & Mohiuddine, S.A. (2013). Generalized weighted statistical convergence and application. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 219 (18), 9821-9826.
Çetin, S., Kişi, Ö., & Gürdal, M. (2025). Exploration of Novel Convergence Concepts for Sequences in Octonion-Valued Metric Spaces. Advances in Mathematical Sciences and Applications, 34 (1), 271-300.
Conway, J.H., & Smith, D.A. (2005). On quaternions and octonions: their geometry, arithmetic, and symmetry. Bulletin of American Mathematical Society, 42, 229-243.
Dray, T., & Manogue, C. (2015). The Geometry of the Octonions; World Scientific.
El-Sayed Ahmed, A., Omran, S., & Asad, A.J. Fixed point theorems in quaternion valued metric spaces. Abstract and Applied Analysis, 2014, Article ID 258958, 9 pages.
Fast, H. (1951). Sur la convergence statistique, Colloquium Mathematicum, 10, 142-149.
Fiorenza, D., Sati, H., & Schreiber, U. (2021). Super-exceptional embedding construction of the heterotic M5: Emergence of SU(2)-flavor sector. Journal of Geometry and Physics, 170, 104349.
Gürdal M., & Kişi Ö. (2024). On convergence in G_Q metric spaces. Dera Natung Government College Research Journal, 9 (1), 52-66.
Gürdal, M., & Şahiner, A. (2012). Statistical approximation with a sequence of 2-Banach spaces. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 55, 471-479.
Gürdal, M., & Yamancı, U. (2015). Statistical convergence and some questions of operator theory. Dynamic Systems and Applications, 24, 305-311.
Hadzic, O., Gajic, L. (1986). Coincidence points for set-valued mappings in convex metric spaces. Univerzitet u Novom Sadu. Zbornik Radova Prirodno-Matematickog Fakulteta, 16, 13-25.
Indumathi, A., Esi, A., & Subramanian, N. (2023). On Gradual Borel Summability Method of Rough Convergence of Triple Sequences of Beta Stancu Operators. Dera Natung Government College Research Journal, 8 (1), 14-29.
Kansu, M.E., Tanışlı, M., & Demir, S. (2020). Octonion form of duality-invariant field equations for dyons. Turkish Journal of Physics, 44, 2.
Kişi, Ö. (2023). Some Properties of Deferred Nörlund I-Statistical Convergence in Probability, Mean, and Distribution for Sequences of Random Variables. Dera Natung Government College Research Journal, 8 (1), 67-80.
Kişi, Ö., Çetin, S., Gürdal, M. (2025). Octonion valued b-metric spaces and ideal convergence. Journal of Nonlinear Science and Applications, 18, 165-179.
Kolancı, S., & Gürdal, M. (2023). On Ideal Convergence in Generalized Metric Spaces, Dera Natung Government College Research Journal, 8 (1), 81-96.
Li, K., Lin, S., & Ge, Y. (2015). On statistical convergence in cone metric spaces. Topology and its Applications, 196, 641-651.
Mohiuddine, S.A. (2016). Statistical weighted A-summability with application to Korovkin's type approximation theorem. Journal of Inequalities and Applications, 2016, 101.
Mohiuddine, S.A., & Alamri, B.A.S. (2019). Generalization of equi-statistical convergence via weighted lacunary sequence with associated Korovkin and Voronovskaya type approximation theorems. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Serie A. Matemáticas, 113 (3), 1955-1973.
Mursaleen, M., & Mohiudddine, S.A. (2014). Convergence Methods for Double Sequences and Applications, Springer India, p. 171.
Nabiev, A. A., Savaş, E., & Gürdal, M. (2019). Statistically localized sequences in metric spaces. Journal of Applied Analysis and Computation, 9, 739-746.
Okubo, S. (1995). Introduction to Octonion and Other Non-Associative Algebras in Physics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Savaş, E., Kişi, Ö., & Gürdal, M. (2022). On statistical convergence in credibility space. Numerical Functional Analysis and Optimization, 43, 987-1008.
Takahashi, K., Fujita, M., & Hashimoto, M. (2021). Remarks on Octonion-valued Neural Networks with Application to Robot Manipulator Control. 2021 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM), Kashiwa, Japan, pp. 1-6.
Wu, J., Xu, L., Wu, F., Kong, Y., Senhadji, L., & Shu, H. (2020). Deep octonion networks. Neurocomputing, 397, 179-191.
Yamancı, U., & Gürdal, M. (2016). Statistical convergence and operators on Fock space. New York Journal of Mathematics, 22, 199-207.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Selim Çetin, Ömer Kişi, Mehmet Gürdal

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

